He is typically opposed to the murmillo and the thraex.Įxcerpt from the glossary of GLADIATORIS, checked by Alfonso Mañas. He is the gladiator type who “fights as a hoplite”, using a lance ( hasta), a dagger, and a reduced version of the Greek hoplite shield (called a hoplon). hoplomachi): He sports two high ocreae, his helmet is adorned with a high crest of feathers and the helmet’s visor has two circular holes. The trial is slated to take place until Monday, November 29.Hoplomachus (pl. Meanwhile, Mr Herbreteau, 45, is accused of connecting athletes with Mr Sainz, while Mr Carlier, 56, is alleged to have put his own son, Alexis Carlier, in contact with Mr Sainz for the benefit of sporting performance.” In 2014 he was sentenced to two years in prison - 20 months of which was suspended - for inciting doping within cycling in the 1990s.įive years later he was given a 12-month suspended prison sentence and fined €2,000 after amateur and semi-professional cyclists accused him of dictating protocols for growth hormones, testosterone and EPO between July 2008 and November 2010. On his website Mr Sainz says that he treated some of the peloton’s biggest stars in the 1960s and 1970s, including Raymond Poulidor and Bernard Thévenet, a two-time winner of the Tour de France.

He confessed to treating athletes in the past, but insisted that he “no longer do today, except for four athletes including two professional cyclists.” At the time he informed police that he was retired as a doctor but still advised his family, close friends and athletes since he was a “recognised specialist in natural medicine.” He was taken into police custody in November 2017 despite slamming the report as “slanderous”.

Mr Sainz also advised the cyclist to take EPO, before later explaining the fees, dependent on future gains. Both substances are prohibited in competition. It showed Mr Sainz, who is now 78, giving advice on how to dope cyclists, sitting in a bar in Paris explaining in coded language how he could prescribe a cyclist with vitamin D for the corticosteroid ‘diprosten’, or the therapeutic plant ‘chelidonium’ which is a powerful anabolic agent.

Gladiator begins appeal meter